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Why are groceries getting expensive?

Inflation describes a change in a measured basket of prices. It does not tell you that every household’s bill rose by the same amount.

Research checked · 3 min read · v3.0.0

Your grocery bill is a useful starting point for asking about prices. It is not the same measurement as national inflation: your basket, quantities, shop and dates may differ from the statistical basket.

For September 2026, MoSPI reported combined rural-and-urban consumer inflation of 5.54% compared with September 2025. Consumer food inflation was 7.74%. These September figures were provisional in the release dated 12 October 2026. The revised final combined headline rate for August was 4.83%. 1

The change from 4.83% to 5.54% is 0.71 percentage points. It is not a finding that prices rose 5.54% during September alone, or that every food item became 7.74% dearer.

Read the label as carefully as the number

The release uses 2024 = 100 as its index base. An index level and an inflation rate answer different questions. The combined September CPI index was 109.49; its year-on-year inflation rate was 5.54%. Do not display the index level with a percent sign. 1

It also reports different baskets and geographies. September headline inflation was 6.08% for rural areas and 4.88% for urban areas. The combined rate is not obtained by giving those two rounded figures equal weight. 1

Even similar-looking food labels can differ. The division labelled “Food and beverages” recorded combined year-on-year inflation of 7.36%, while the separate Consumer Food Price Index recorded 7.74%. Preserve the source’s category rather than substituting one for the other. 2 1

A smaller inflation rate does not mean cheaper groceries

Hypothetical example: A basket costs ₹100, then ₹110, then ₹115.50. Its price first rises by 10%, then by 5%. Inflation has slowed, but the basket still costs more than before.

A year-on-year rate also depends on the comparison month a year earlier. To investigate a sudden change, inspect both months’ index levels and the relevant categories. Do not infer the cause from the headline rate alone.

Turn a complaint about prices into a testable question

Start with the item and market. Did the price change for the same quantity and quality? Is the comparison seasonal? Does the local experience appear in a broader series, or only in a few shops?

Then investigate possible decisions rather than assuming an answer. A claim about a tax change needs the applicable notification and effective date. A claim about shortages needs supply or availability evidence. A claim that one policy caused the increase needs more than a chart showing prices rose after an announcement.

CPI measures prices; it is not itself an evaluation assigning responsibility among governments, traders, weather or international developments. MoSPI’s release describes its collection coverage and precision, which should travel with any chart built from it. 3

Keep the comparison honest

Save dated receipts for a small, consistent basket without exposing personal payment details. Record quantities as well as prices. Compare it with the most relevant published measure, and explain why it may differ.

A national average should not erase a household’s experience. A household’s experience should not be presented as a national estimate either. Both can contribute evidence when their scope is clear.

Source-linked data

Consumer prices: September 2026

Official statistics — dated observations, not a live feed.

Published headline CPI/CFPI and division-level indices and year-on-year rates. Reference period: August 2026 final and September 2026 provisional

  • September 2026 is provisional in this release; August is final. Historical release snapshot, not an automatically updating feed.
  • Year-on-year percentage rates are not monthly changes. Combined is not a simple mean of rural and urban.
  • CFPI is not interchangeable with the Food and beverages division. Preserve division code 13; no code 12 is supplied in the source table.
  • No state-level, item-level or group-level dataset is claimed here. No causal attribution is encoded.
CPI and CFPI headline observations (24 rows)
CPI and CFPI headline observations
periodrelease statusseriessectormeasurevalueunitbase yeargeographySource and dates
2026-08finalCPI Generalruralyear_on_year_percent5.24percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-08finalCPI Generalurbanyear_on_year_percent4.31percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCPI Generalcombinedyear_on_year_percent4.83percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalruralyear_on_year_percent6.08percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalurbanyear_on_year_percent4.88percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalcombinedyear_on_year_percent5.54percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIruralyear_on_year_percent6.17percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIurbanyear_on_year_percent5.64percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIcombinedyear_on_year_percent5.97percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIruralyear_on_year_percent8.06percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIurbanyear_on_year_percent7.18percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIcombinedyear_on_year_percent7.74percent2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCPI Generalruralindex_2024_100109.28index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCPI Generalurbanindex_2024_100108.07index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCPI Generalcombinedindex_2024_100108.74index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalruralindex_2024_100110.11index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalurbanindex_2024_100108.71index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCPI Generalcombinedindex_2024_100109.49index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIruralindex_2024_100110.74index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIurbanindex_2024_100110.72index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-08finalCFPIcombinedindex_2024_100110.73index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIruralindex_2024_100112.21index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIurbanindex_2024_100112.1index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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2026-09provisionalCFPIcombinedindex_2024_100112.17index2024India
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PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

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Download this table (CSV)

Division-level September observations (72 rows)
Division-level September observations
periodrelease statusdivision codedivision namesectormeasurevalueunitbase yeargeographySource and dates
2026-09provisional01Food and beveragesruralindex_2024_100111.86index2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

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2026-09provisional01Food and beveragesurbanindex_2024_100111.61index2024India
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2026-09provisional01Food and beveragescombinedindex_2024_100111.77index2024India
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2026-09provisional01Food and beveragesruralyear_on_year_percent7.71percent2024India
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2026-09provisional01Food and beveragesurbanyear_on_year_percent6.75percent2024India
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2026-09provisional01Food and beveragescombinedyear_on_year_percent7.36percent2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantsruralindex_2024_100108.56index2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantsurbanindex_2024_100109.06index2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantscombinedindex_2024_100108.72index2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantsruralyear_on_year_percent4.55percent2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantsurbanyear_on_year_percent5.37percent2024India
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2026-09provisional02Paan, tobacco and intoxicantscombinedyear_on_year_percent4.8percent2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearruralindex_2024_100110.77index2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearurbanindex_2024_100107.77index2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearcombinedindex_2024_100109.63index2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearruralyear_on_year_percent4.55percent2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearurbanyear_on_year_percent2.9percent2024India
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2026-09provisional03Clothing and footwearcombinedyear_on_year_percent3.93percent2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelsruralindex_2024_100105.27index2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelsurbanindex_2024_100103.9index2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelscombinedindex_2024_100104.41index2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelsruralyear_on_year_percent3.44percent2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelsurbanyear_on_year_percent2.33percent2024India
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2026-09provisional04Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuelscombinedyear_on_year_percent2.74percent2024India
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2026-09provisional05Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenanceruralindex_2024_100106.63index2024India
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2026-09provisional05Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenanceruralyear_on_year_percent3.54percent2024India
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2026-09provisional05Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenanceurbanyear_on_year_percent2.53percent2024India
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2026-09provisional05Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenancecombinedyear_on_year_percent3.11percent2024India
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2026-09provisional06Healthruralindex_2024_100104.99index2024India
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2026-09provisional06Healthruralyear_on_year_percent1.41percent2024India
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2026-09provisional06Healthurbanyear_on_year_percent1.39percent2024India
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2026-09provisional06Healthcombinedyear_on_year_percent1.4percent2024India
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2026-09provisional07Transportruralyear_on_year_percent5.09percent2024India
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2026-09provisional08Information and communicationurbanyear_on_year_percent2.29percent2024India
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2026-09provisional08Information and communicationcombinedyear_on_year_percent2.44percent2024India
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2026-09provisional09Recreation, sport and cultureurbanyear_on_year_percent1.96percent2024India
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2026-09provisional09Recreation, sport and culturecombinedyear_on_year_percent2.16percent2024India
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2026-09provisional11Restaurants and accommodation servicesruralyear_on_year_percent9.36percent2024India
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2026-09provisional11Restaurants and accommodation servicesurbanyear_on_year_percent9.35percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional11Restaurants and accommodation servicescombinedyear_on_year_percent9.36percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicesruralindex_2024_100126.06index2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicesurbanindex_2024_100124.41index2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicescombinedindex_2024_100125.35index2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicesruralyear_on_year_percent14.52percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicesurbanyear_on_year_percent12.75percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

2026-09provisional13Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and servicescombinedyear_on_year_percent13.75percent2024India
Source detailsOriginal source

Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

Published: 2026-10-12
Checked: 2026-10-14

Download this table (CSV)

Data sources and scope (3)
  • Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final
    Source checked: 2026-10-14

    Ten-page release inspected. Main table (PDF page 1) and division table (PDF page 6) visually checked.

    Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

  • Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final
    Source checked: 2026-10-14

    Ten-page release inspected. Main table (PDF page 1) and division table (PDF page 6) visually checked.

    Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

  • Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · PDF page 4: price collection, precision, coverage and interpretation notes

    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final
    Source checked: 2026-10-14

    Ten-page release inspected. Main table (PDF page 1) and division table (PDF page 6) visually checked.

    Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

Download the source-linked data (JSON)

Research checked 14 October 2026. Not a live data feed.

Sources and scope (3)

The check date records a research check, not continuous monitoring or a guarantee of current law.

  1. Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · PDF page 1: rural/urban/combined CPI and CFPI inflation and indices

    Edition: CPI base 2024=100
    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final

    Limits: Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

    Source checked 14 October 2026.

  2. Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · Annexure I, PDF page 6: division-wise indices and year-on-year inflation; division code 12 absent

    Edition: CPI base 2024=100
    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final

    Limits: Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

    Source checked 14 October 2026.

  3. Consumer Price Index release: September 2026

    National Statistics Office, MoSPI · PDF page 4: price collection, precision, coverage and interpretation notes

    Edition: CPI base 2024=100
    Published: 2026-10-12
    Reference period: September 2026 provisional; August 2026 final

    Limits: Year-on-year rates are not month-on-month price changes. CFPI is not identical to the Food and Beverages division. September figures are provisional. Rounded indices do not reproduce every published rate exactly.

    Source checked 14 October 2026.

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Article version 3.0.0. Research checked 14 October 2026.
Assistant source checks; not independently human-reviewed. How we know · Corrections.

Try “MP”, “RTI” or “budget”.

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